Tellurian



(No Model.)

0. A. BOWSHER.

TELLURIAN.

No. 457,487. PartentedAug. 11, 1891.

UNTTED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

COLUMBUS A. BOIVSHER, OF CHAMPAIGN, ILLINOIS.

TELLURIAN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 457,487, dated August11-, 1891.

Application filed February 11, 1890. Serial No. 339,971. (No model.)

To aZZ whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, COLUMBUS AUSTIN BOWSHER, of Champaign, in the countyof Champaign and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in Tellurians; and I do hereby declare that the followingis a full, clear, and exact description thereof, reference being had tothe accompanying drawings, and to the letters of reference markedthereon, which form a part of this specification.

This invention has for its object to provide an apparatus in the natureof a tellurian, for the better illustration of the efiect upon the earthof the suns rays in producing night and day and heat and cold, in therevolhtion of the earth about the sun, and in its diurnal rotation onits own axis.

The nature of the invention will be fully understood from the followingdescription of the accompanying drawings, in which Flgnre 1 is a sideelevation of the apparatus, and Fig. 2 is a fragmentary end view of aportion thereof.

Describing the invention as illustrated in the drawings, A represents ahorizontal bar pivoted upon a suitable standard A by means of a verticalnon-rotating pivot a, upon the upper end of which, and above the bar A,is fixed a non-rotating pulley CL.

B is a globe, representing the earth, supported above one end of the barA by means of a bent wire I) secured to a pulley b, which is mountedrotatably on the upper side of the bar A in the same plane with thepulley a. The vertical axis of the pulley b is in line with the centerof the globe B, and the upper portion b of the wire 19, to which theglobe is applied, is directed through the center of the globe and standsat an inclination of twenty three and one-half degreesto the vertical.

0 is a hemispherical hood covering that half of the globe B which isbeyond or exteing composed of the circular wire or band D, looselyattached to the axial portion b of the standard I) and the series ofcircular bands or wires cl (Z, arranged parallel with each other and inplanes at right angles to the axial portion I) of said standard I),which axial portion 6 represents the axis of the earth. or globe B. Thewires (Z (Z represent parallels of latitude. The member D of this cageis divided at cl cl, one part being provided with socket-pieces to admitthe ends of the other part for the'purpose of allowing the cage to beplaced around the globe and its hood.

D is a longitudinally-extensible arm con necting the wire D with thebeam A for the purpose of preventing the cage D from revolution with thestandard 12 supporting said cage, and to this end said arm D has avertical hinge at (Z where it connects with the member D of said cage, avertical pivot d uniting its opposite end with the bar A near the pulleya and a slip-joint (1 between its ends. Any slight vertical movementtaking place in the free end of the arm D when the cage D is shifted oroscillated by the turning of the standard I) is afforded by the flexureof said arm.

E is a second and hemispherical cage external to the cage D, andsupported from the bar A by the standard E which is bent laterally at eto afford space for the movement of the arm D Said cage E is composed ofa circularly-bent wire 6, located in aplane passing through the centerof the globe, a smaller circularly-bent wire 6, and a third and stillsmaller circularly-bent wire 6 severally attached in parallel planes tothe circularlyloent wire E',which serves as their immediate support.This cage E forms a skeleton hemispherical covering for that portion ofthe globe not covered by the hood C, and like the hood, is truncated atits lower part to allow the revolution of the axial globe-support 19 Forthis purpose the supporting member E of the frame has branches 9 one oneither side, to which the ends of the-incomplete circles e e are securedin. any suitable manner.

F is an annular frame composed, as here shown, of the three concentricrings f f f connected by radial bars f and supported from the beam A bymeans of a standard F. The annular frame F stands in a plane transverseto the beam A, and its axis is in line with the center of the globe B.In the rings ff f respectively, are set wires f f f ,parallel with theaxis of said rings, said wires representing three different andconcentriccylinders of suns rays. The innermost cylinder (indicated bythe wires f represents the suns rays, which, prolonged to contact withthe surface of the globe B, circumscribe the area of torrid effect. Theintermediate cylinder of rays f circumscribes the limit of the sunsraysof temperate effect, and the outer cylinder of rays f representsthose of the suns rays which are nearly tangent to the surface of theglobe, and which therefore have little heating eifect. The several wires6, e, and e of the cage E are in line with the several cylinders of raysf f and f respectively, and therefore represent the lines of contact ofsaid cylinders of rays with the globes. surface.

. the above arrangement of projections repre senting cylinders of thesuns rays, that in the movement of the globe upon its axis and in itsrevolution both the permanent effect of the angle of contact of the sunsrays upon the various parts of the earth according to their distancefrom the torrid belt will be shown, and also their effect upon thetemperature at different hours of the day.

To operate the apparatus described, a belt .A is trained over thepulleys a and b, and

the bar A is revolved on its pivot a. In this movement of the bar A thepulley Z) is revolved once on its axis and causes a single revolution ofthe globe B about the vertical axis of rotation of the pulley b andstandard 'b at each revolution of the bar A.

Thebodily motion of the globe B once arouhd the axis a gives to saidglobe what answers to the annual revolution of the earth about the .sun,and the revolution of the standard I),

having the inclined axial part b preserves the inclination of the earthsaxis to the plane of its orbit in making such annual revolution. Thehood 0 is retained permanently in its position by the standard 0, thecage E is similarly held stationary by its support E and the inner cageD is held with the same side and with its wire D (answering to the noonmeridian) toward the frame F by means of'the extensible arm D which,however, permits to said cage the rocking motion due to its connectionwith the inclined portion 1) of the standard Z). In any position of theglobe B in its revolution about the axis a, on which the beam A swings,a

rotary movement may be given to the globe upon its axis 19 either byhand or otherwise, to represent the diurnal rotation of the earth on itssaid axis. The parallels d (1 automatically afford a measurement of therelative lengths of the days and nightsat the season of the yeardetermined by the inclination of the axis of the globe to the plane inwhich it revolves on any point on the earths surface of correspondinglatitude, the night being represented by the hood 0 and It will thus beseen, by.

the day by the cage E. The cage E may obviously be provided with anynumber of parallel wires or bands 6 e, and the frame F with acorresponding number of rings bearing Wires representing cylinders ofsuns rays.

By the apparatus described illustration of light and shadow or day andnight, and of heateffects in diiterent portions of the twenty-four hoursand on different parts of the globe, and the relative length of days andnights when the earth is in different parts of its orbit, may be easilyexplained to and understood by pupils not advanced in the study ofastronomy.

I claim as my imvention- 1. The combination, with a globe mounted upon aswinging arm and upon its own axis, whereby motion may be given theretocorresponding to the annual and diurnal movements of the earth withrespect to the sun, a series of concentric rings carrying wires parallelwith the axis of said rings and representing cylinders of the suns rays,and a 4 hemispherical cage covering that portion of the globe adjacentto the concentric rings provided with annular members in line with .thewires which represent the cylinders of the suns rays.

2. The combination, with a globe mounted upon a swinging arm and uponits own axis, whereby motion may be given thereto corresponding to theannual and diurnal movements of the earth with respect to the sun, of ahemispherical hood arranged to cover half the globe, and representingthe unillu-- mined portion of the globe, a cage surrounding said globeand hood and having members which represent parallels of latitude, aseries of concentric rings mounted upon said swinging arm carrying wiresparallel with the axis of said rings and representing cylinders of thesuns rays, and a'hemispherical cage covering that portion of the globeand cage adjacent to the concentric rings and provided with annularmembers in line with the wires which represent the cylinders of the sunsrays.

3. The combination of the swinging bar A, non-rotatable pulley a,rotatable pulley b, a bent standard I), supported by the latter, a globemounted on an inclined portion of the bent standard, a hood 0, coveringpartof the globe and supported by the bar A, a cage, as D, fitting overthe globe and hood and rotatable with respect to the globe on the axisthereof, an extensible arm pivoted to the:

cage and to the swinging bar A, a hemispherical cage supported by thesaid bar, and a frame F, having a series of parallel wires to representcylinders of the suns rays, and also mounted on the swinging arm.

In testimony that I claim the foregoing as my invention I affix mysignature in presence of two witnesses.

C. A. BOWSHER. Witnesses:

JAMEs J. HILDRUP, R. J. Comm.

